Building Construction – Masonry Bonds – Lecture 5

Building Construction – Masonry Bonds (Lecture # 5) – PDF

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Building Construction – Masonry Bonds (Lecture # 5) – Excerpt

  • Building Construction –
    Masonry Bonds
  • Engr. Shad Muhammad
  • Lecturer
  • Department of Civil Engineering
  • COMSATS University Islamabad, Sahiwal Campus.
  • Building Construction – Brick Masonry Bonds
    Table of Content

1.English Bond

2.Flemish Bond

1.Double Flemish Bond

2.Single Flemish Bond

3.Heading Bond

4.Streching Bond

5.Garden Wall Bond

1.English Garden Wall Bond

2.Flemish Garden Wall Bond

6.Raking Bond

7.Herring Bone Bond

1.Diagonal Bond

2.Hoop Iron Bond

8.Monk Bond

9.Rhom Bond

  • Building Construction – Brick Masonry Bonds

Bond is the arrangement of bricks or stones in each course, so as to ensure the greatest possible interlocking and to avoid the continuity of vertical joints in two successive courses, both on the face and in the body of a wall.

Objectives Of Bonds:

üThe primary objective of providing a bond is to break the continuity of the vertical joints in the successive courses both in the length and thickness of masonry structure. As a result, the structure will act as a bounded mass and its load will be transmitted uniformly to the foundations.

üTo ensure longitudinal and lateral strength of the structure.

üTo provide pleasing appearance by laying bricks symmetrically.

üTo do masonry work quickly by engaging more masons on a job at a time.

  • Building Construction – Brick Masonry Bonds
    1. English Bond
  • The bond, in which headers and stretchers are laid in alternate courses, is called “English bond”.
  • Building Construction – Brick Masonry Bonds
    1. English Bond

The following are the salient features of English bond:

1.Headers and stretchers are laid in alternate courses.

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2.In each heading course, a queen closer is placed next to quoin header and the remaining bricks are laid as headers.

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3.Every alternate header in a course comes centrally over the joint between two stretchers in the course below, giving an approximate lap of 2 ¼ in.

  • Building Construction – Brick Masonry Bonds
    1. English Bond

4.The same course will show headers or stretchers on face and back, if the thickness of the wall is an even multiple of half bricks (e.g. 9 in, 18 in, 27 in, etc.)

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5.The same course will show headers on the face and stretchers on the back and vice versa, if the thickness of the wall is an odd multiple of half brick (13 1/2 in , 22 1/2 in., etc )

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6.The middle portion of the thicker walls consists entirely of headers.

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7.Every transverse joint is continuous from face to face.

  • Building Construction – Brick Masonry Bonds
    1. English Bond
  • Building Construction – Brick Masonry Bonds
    2. Flemish Bond
  • The bond, in which headers and stretchers are laid alternately in the same course, is called “Flemish bond“.
  •  
  • Building Construction – Brick Masonry Bonds
    2. Flemish Bond

The following are the salient features of Flemish bond:

1.Headers and stretchers are laid alternately in the same course.

2.Every header in each course lies centrally over every stretcher of the underlying course.

3.In every alternate course, a queen closer is placed next to quoin header, so as to provide a lap of approximately 2 1/4 in.

4.Brick bats are to be used in walls having thickness equal to an odd multiple of half brick.

  • Building Construction – Brick Masonry Bonds
    2. Flemish Bond
  • Building Construction – Brick Masonry Bonds
    Comparison of English Bond and Flemish bond
  • Building Construction – Brick Masonry Bonds
    2. Flemish Bonds :
    A) Double Flemish Bond

The bond in which headers and stretchers are laid alternately in each course, both in the face and back of the wall, is called Double Flemish Bond.

  • Building Construction – Brick Masonry Bonds
    2. Flemish Bonds :
    B) Single Flemish Bond
  • The bond provided in a wall with Flemish bond in facing and English bond in backing is called “Single Flemish bond” or “Cross bond“.
  • This bond combines the advantages of both English and Flemish bonds and simultaneously eliminates their disadvantages.
  • This bond is recommended where costly bricks are specified for facing in order to provide good appearance to the wall. Also, it can be made more economical by using cheap quality of bricks on the back of wall.
  • On the other hand, it weakens the overall strength of the wall because of maximum use of brick and existence of continuous vertical joints. Also, it can not be provided in walls having thickness less than 13 ½ in.
  • Single and Double Flemish Bond
  • Building Construction – Brick Masonry Bonds
    3. Heading Bond
  • The bond in which all the bricks are laid as headers in every course of a wall is called “Heading bond”.
  • 3/4 bats are laid as quoin bricks in the alternate courses to break the continuity of vertical joints, which increases the transverse strength but weakens the longitudinal strength of the wall.
  • This bond is commonly used for constructing steining of wells, footings of walls and columns, corbels, cornices, etc.
  • Building Construction – Brick Masonry Bonds
    4. Stretching Bond
  • The bond in which all the bricks are laid as stretchers in every course is called “Stretching Bond”.
  • This bond is provided for constructing 4 ½ in thick partition walls.
  • Building Construction – Brick Masonry Bonds
    5. Garden Wall Bond

This bond is used for constructing one brick thick garden walls, boundary walls, and other walls such as outer leaves of cavity walls to provide good appearance.

  • Building Construction – Brick Masonry Bonds
    5. Garden Bonds :
    A) English Garden Wall

The garden wall bond in which a heading course is provided after 3 or 5 stretching courses is called “English Garden Wall Bond”.

  • Building Construction – Brick Masonry Bonds
    5. Garden Bonds :
    B) Flemish Garden Wall Bond
  • In this bond a header is provided after 3 or 5 stretches in each course.
  • This bond is also known as “Sussex or Scotch Bond“.
  • Building Construction – Brick Masonry Bonds
    6. Raking Bond
  • The bond in which all the bricks are laid at an angle other than 900 to the facing and backing of the wall is known as “Raking bond“.
  • This bond is used for doing inner filling of walls at suitable intervals to improve their longitudinal strength.
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  • The angle of rake between any two adjacent courses should be 90 degree to attain maximum transverse strength of the wall.
  • This bond can also be used as paving in case of brick floors, 4 ½ in thick.
  • Building Construction – Brick Masonry Bonds
    7. Herring Bone Bond
  • The raking bond in which bricks are laid at an angle of 45 degree, starting at the central line and proceeding towards the facing and backing of the wall, is called “Herring Bone Bond”.
  • Building Construction – Brick Masonry Bonds
    7. Herring Bone Bond :
    A) Diagonal Bond
  • The raking bond in which bricks are laid starting from the corner in parallel rows inclined to the facing and backing of the wall is known as “Diagonal Bond“.
  • Building Construction – Brick Masonry Bonds
    7. Herring Bone Bond :
    B) Hoop Iron Bond
  • The bond in which, after every fourth or fifth course of masonry, reinforcement in the form of longitudinal ties is provided for additional strength of the wall, is called ” Hoop Iron Bond”.
  • This bond is provided for constructing 4 1/2 in thick partition walls.
  • Building Construction – Brick Masonry Bonds
    8. Monk Bond
  • This bond in which two stretchers and one header are laid alternately in each course is called “Monk Bond“.
  • This bond is used in the construction of boundary walls.
  • Building Construction – Brick Masonry Bonds
    9. Rhom Bond
  • This bond in which brick/tiles are laid in order to have straight horizontal and vertical joints in the facing is called Rhom Bond“.
  • This bond is used only in facing work to provide architectural beauty.
  • Thank-you for Listening!

By integrating small elements together, you can build a strong resistance!

 (Shad)

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